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While the Eiffel Tower is an instantly recognizable symbol of France, the Notre-Dame Cathedral is an unmistakable symbol of Paris. Notre-Dame de Paris, or "Our Lady of Paris," is a medieval Catholic church renowned for its French Gothic appearance. Among other features, this cathedral showcases period architectural innovations such as the rib vault and flying buttress, as well as large rose windows and rich sculptural decoration. Notre-Dame鈥檚 architectural and historical significance is underscored by its vast pipe organs, iconic bells, and its role in hosting significant ceremonies like Napoleon鈥檚 coronation, the celebration of the Liberation of Paris in 1944, and the funerals of presidents Charles de Gaulle and Fran莽ois Mitterrand.

Before Notre-Dame, a temple to Jupiter and later a cathedral dedicated to Saint 脡tienne occupied the site. Construction of Notre-Dame began in 1163 and concluded in 1260, incorporating architectural advancements in four major stages, with additions in the 13th century enhancing stability and light. At the time of its construction, it was the most ambitious cathedral project ever undertaken in France, its vaults rising over 33 meters and holding a national height record for several decades.

In 1431, Notre-Dame saw the coronation of King Henry VI, and during the French Revolution, suffered vandalism when it was repurposed as a warehouse. In the 19th century, Victor Hugo鈥檚 novel, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, spurred its restoration, largely preserving Notre-Dame鈥檚 legacy.

Amid the Second World War, upon the Fall of France, there were fears that the German invaders might destroy the freshly renovated stained glass of the rose window. As a result, the lion's portion of it was hidden and re-installed only after the war.

In 2019, a fire severely damaged the cathedral's oak roof and spire. Firefighters saved much of the building, including the world's biggest 13th-century glass window and other artifacts and relics which were temporarily removed for safety. Though many decorations have been removed over time, the cathedral retains Gothic, Baroque, and 19th-century sculptures, altarpieces, and revered relics, including the Crown of Thorns and fragments from the True Cross.

As a symbol of Paris and France, Notre-Dame is renowned for its traditional Lent sermons since the 1830s and attracts annually around 12 million visitors.

Shakespeare and Company, an English-language bookstore in Paris, offers an excellent choice of new, second-hand, and antiquarian books of various genres and periods. Whether you want to stock up on study materials, seek the latest titles from the British press, or perhaps search for some hidden literary treasures, this place has everything you need. And there are plenty of cozy nooks and crannies where you can take a break and just read or peruse books.

The shop was opened in 1951 by American George Whitman under the name "Le Mistral." It was renamed in 1964 in tribute to the original Shakespeare and Company bookstore and William Shakespeare's 400th birthday. This name change cemented the store's connection to its legendary predecessor, which opened in 1919 by Sylvia Beach and welcomed famous writers such as Ernest Hemingway, James Baldwin, and James Joyce. Sylvia famously defied the system by publishing Joyce's "Ulysses" in 1922, but her store closed down in 1941.

After the war, Whitman took up the mantle, celebrating literary giants. The new Shakespeare and Company has been a cultural hub ever since, attracting authors like Allen Ginsberg, William Burroughs, and James Baldwin, who found here not just a place to obtain books but a vibrant community. Described by its founder as a "socialist utopia masquerading as a bookstore," this place has the tradition of hosting aspiring writers鈥攔eferred to as "Tumbleweeds"鈥攚ho stay in beds among the bookshelves for free in exchange for helping around the store, committing to reading daily, and writing a single-page autobiography for the store鈥檚 archives.

After George Whitman's passing, his daughter Sylvia took over in 2003, continuing the bookstore's legacy of literary fervor and community spirit. Despite facing significant challenges, including an 80% drop in sales in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the store has maintained its role as a literary sanctuary under Sylvia鈥檚 stewardship. The store鈥檚 motto, "Be Not Inhospitable to Strangers Lest They Be Angels in Disguise," perfectly captures its ethos of openness and hospitality. Since its inception, the store has welcomed over 30,000 guests.

Shakespeare and Company also made its mark in publishing, launching significant literary journals such as Merlin, which first published Samuel Beckett in English. The store's influence extends into popular culture too, featuring in films like Richard Linklater's "Before Sunset," Nora Ephron's "Julie & Julia," and Woody Allen's "Midnight in Paris."

The Street of the Fishing Cat holds the distinction of being the narrowest street in Paris, stretching just 1.8 meters wide throughout its entire 29-meter length. While it claims to be the narrowest in terms of overall width, its status is contested by two other Parisian streets boasting in certain parts the minimum widths of 87 cm and 80 cm respectively, thus posing a serious challenge to the minimum width title.

Historically, this street has been in existence since 1540, initially serving as a staircase that led directly to the Seine before the embankment was built. Originally named Street of the Baths, it was later known as Fox Street, among other names. Sometime in 1636, it was officially titled Street of the Fishing Cat.

The latter name, deriving from the sign of a fishmongery owned by a canon named Dom Perlet, is enveloped in local lore. A popular legend suggests that Dom Perlet, reputed to be an alchemist, had a large black cat famous for its ability to catch fish in the Seine. It was rumored that the cat, perhaps with diabolical help, could catch fish with a single swipe of its paw. Suspected of being in league with the devil, the cat was thrown into the Seine by three students, only to reappear safe and sound later on alongside Dom Perlet, continuing its fishing exploits as if nothing had happened.

An alternative, more grounded hypothesis attributes the name to a clever play on words by a shopkeeper who depicted a fishing cat on the shop's sign, implying that in French the phrase "fishing cat" sounds similar to "everyone will fish out something for themselves here."

Today, numerous restaurants have their back doors open onto this street, releasing tantalizing smells of food from their kitchens, making it a pleasant respite from the crowded tourist routes between the bridges Saint Michel and Petit-Pont. You can take a shortcut through this street, easily touching both walls on its sides simultaneously. But before you enter, make sure you are slim enough to squeeze yourself through it without getting stuck...

Situated less than 200 meters from Notre-Dame in the Latin Quarter, the Church of Saint Julian the Poor represents one of Paris's most ancient religious structures, embodying a blend of Romanesque and Primary Gothic architectural styles.

Originally a Roman Catholic church, it was dedicated to Julian of Le Mans, a medieval French saint recognized for his commitment to the impoverished. "The poor" in its name highlights the building's relatively humble stature compared to the grand cathedrals of its time. The initial plans for a grand structure were scaled back, resulting in a modestly-sized church that was primarily completed between 1165 and 1170. It is believed to have been built on the site of a 6th-century oratory within a Merovingian refuge for pilgrims.

The church's architecture is noted for its conservative design typical of the early Medieval era under Louis the Younger, the King of Eastern Francia, from 876 to 882. The Romanesque elements, such as water lily sculptures on column capitals and harpies on one particular column, are prominent throughout the structure. The building also features piers and chapiters that echo those found in Notre-Dame, showcasing a stylistic resonance with the famous cathedral.

In 1889, the church underwent a significant transformation when it was granted to the Eastern Catholic Melkite congregation, transitioning from its Roman Catholic origins to serve the Arab and Middle Eastern communities. This change was accompanied by extensive restorations that included the installation of an iconostasis and the removal of the original statues and organ, which tailored the interior to fit the aesthetic and spiritual needs of its new worshipers.

Over the centuries, the Church of Saint Julian the Poor has also served as a center for medieval scholars and a venue for cultural events, including avant-garde Dada performances in 1921, reflecting its deep integration into Parisian cultural life. Today, it continues to function as a place of worship and a venue for concerts, offering classical music performances that draw both locals and tourists.

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North of the church, Ren茅 Viviani Square is home to the oldest tree in Paris, a locust tree planted in 1602. Nicknamed the "Lucky Tree of Paris," it is reputed to bring good fortune to those who touch it.

Paris's vibrant Latin Quarter is replete with historical landmarks, and the Church of Saint-S茅verin is among its most notable. Back in the 6th century AD, Saint S茅verin, a hermit, resided on this site.

After his death, a series of churches were erected in his honor, with the current Gothic structure beginning construction in the 13th century to serve the burgeoning academic populace of the nearby University of Paris. The edifice reflects a rich architectural evolution from Romanesque to High and Flamboyant Gothic styles, shaped by expansions and restorations from the 15th through the 17th centuries, especially after the devastations of the Hundred Years' War.

Its lower bell tower remains from the original construction, completed in 1487, while the west portal recalls elements from another historical church, Saint-Pierre-aux-B艙ufs, demonstrating a remarkable architectural palimpsest. Notably, the church houses Paris's oldest bell, cast in 1412, and features the city鈥檚 sole remaining charnel house, a testament to its medieval funerary customs.

Inside, the nave presents a tapestry of styles across centuries鈥攖he initial High Gothic design, evident in its cylindrical pillars and floral capitals, transitions into the 14th-century enhancements with slender colonettes and vibrant stained glass, depicting Apostolic lives. The Flamboyant Gothic style is predominantly seen in the choir and apse from the 15th century, enriched by 17th-century classical decorations.

The church also boasts an unusual column designed in the shape of a palm tree trunk. Its stained glass represents various eras, from a 1378 piece near the apse to a significant 15th-century rose window and 19th-century additions inspired by the seven sacraments of the Catholic Church. The 20th century brought modern designs, featuring abstract forms in striking colors near the baptistry. The principal organ, a masterpiece with a historic 18th-century wooden case, was installed in 1963, enhancing the church's auditory legacy.

In 1944, the Church of Saint-S茅verin served as the wedding venue for the future President of France, Fran莽ois Mitterrand, who served in office from 1981 to 1995. Though state-owned today, the church continues as a place of Catholic worship and, despite its historical and religious significance, welcomes visitors free of charge. Although it is rarely crowded, visitors are reminded to be respectful when a mass is underway.

Saint-Michel is a prominent public square in the Latin Quarter, straddling the boundary between Paris's fifth and sixth administrative districts on the left bank of the Seine. A junction of four major streets, this historical square overlooks the City Island, connected to its northern end by the Saint-Michel Bridge that spans 62 meters across the river.

The square's geographical layout resulted from the extensive renovations during the vast redesign of Paris, between 1853 and 1870.

One of the square鈥檚 most notable features is the monumental Saint-Michel Fountain, built in 1860 by the collaborative effort of nine sculptors. Originally intended to feature Napoleon Bonaparte, because of the political pressures associated with the demoted emperor, its central figure was changed to Saint Michael the Archangel. The fountain is also adorned with two dragons and statues representing the four classical cardinal virtues, adding a mythological and moral dimension to its aesthetic.

Apart from offering a picturesque view of the nearby landmarks such as the Holy Chapel and the Palace of Justice, Square Saint-Michel also serves as a cultural hotspot. Over the years, it has been the site of significant historical events, including demonstrations during World War II and the student uprising of May 1968, where it briefly became the symbolic heart of a student-led attempt to declare an independent state.

Today, the square is likened to "Washington Square Park of Paris" due to its popularity among diverse groups including hippies, artists, musicians, and students, reflecting its vibrant, bohemian spirit. The surrounding area, particularly along the Saint-Michel high road, is filled with cafes, bistros, bookstores, and bookstalls. Since the Sorbonne University is just a few blocks away, it is common to see here students scouring through books in search of bargains on their required reading.

The Cluny Museum, also known as the National Museum of the Middle Ages, is a sanctuary of medieval art in the French capital. Nestled within the historical layers of the city, it occupies the H么tel de Cluny, initially the 15th-century abode of the affluent abbot of Cluny Abbey, established over the remnants of Roman baths. This site also hosted illustrious figures like Mary Tudor, an English princess who was briefly Queen of France as the third wife of King Louis XII. The building used to serve various functions, including an observatory, a printing press, and a dissection room during revolutionary upheavals.

The architecture of the museum uniquely melds the ancient Roman thermae, evident in the well-preserved frigidarium (the cold room, one of the three main chambers of a Roman bath), with the medieval building, showcasing a blend of Gothic and early Renaissance elements. In 1832, Alexandre du Sommerard, an archeologist and art enthusiast deeply fascinated by medieval and Renaissance artifacts, purchased the property and later bequeathed his substantial collection to the French people. A year before his death in 1842, the Cluny was inaugurated as a museum.

Reopened in 2022 after extensive renovations, the museum houses 23,000 medieval artifacts, with about 2,300 currently on display across its 11,500 square feet exhibition space. The collection spans from the Gallo-Roman era to the 16th century, including significant contributions from the Byzantine Empire and the medieval Islamic world. Notable among these is the "Lady and the Unicorn" tapestry series, woven in Flanders around 1485-1500, depicting the senses of sight, touch, taste, smell, sound, and a mysterious sixth sense represented by the motto "To my only desire." These tapestries dramatically capture the romantic chivalry of the era, enriched with vibrant woodland imagery.

The museum's Roman relics trace back to the 1st-century Boatman Pillar, dedicated to Emperor Tiberius, and the frigidarium proudly exhibits Roman and Byzantine treasures, such as two 4th-century rock crystal lion heads. The museum also highlights Romanesque art, including the Majestic Christ capital, and showcases the secular demand for Gothic art evident in artifacts like the limestone statue of Adam.

For enthusiasts of medieval European art, the Cluny Museum offers a profound journey through the artistic and historical epochs that shaped medieval Europe. With comprehensive English descriptions and an optional audio guide, this museum is a captivating destination for both the art connoisseur and the casual visitor, promising an enriching exploration of history and artistic legacy.

The Sorbonne, a name synonymous with academic excellence in Paris, refers to both a historic building and the legacy of the University of Paris. One of the first institutions of higher education in Europe, it traces its origins back to the Middle Ages, when Robert de Sorbon, the chaplain and confessor to King Louis IX, established Sorbonne College in 1257. Initially intended for poor secular clergy, over the years, it has produced several famous graduates, including Italian priest and Scholastic thinker Thomas Aquinas, Italian poet Dante Alighieri, French theologian John Calvin, French philosopher and writer Simone de Beauvoir, French-Swiss film director Jean-Luc Godard, and President of France Fran莽ois Mitterrand, among others. The modern Sorbonne emerged in 2018 from the merger of Paris-Sorbonne University and the University of Pierre and Marie Curie.

Historically, the Sorbonne has been a center of academic excellence, maintaining a strong alignment with Catholic conservatism. The institution faced closure during the French Revolution but was revitalized by Napoleon in 1808 and remained active until 1882. The re-establishment of the University of Paris in 1896 marked a significant phase, incorporating faculties like Science, Letters, Law, Medicine, and Pharmacy.

The Sorbonne鈥檚 architectural ensemble, developed between 1883 and 1901, combines historical Neo-renaissance, Classical, and antique styles with modern elements. The university holds a prestigious reputation, highlighted by its alumni and professors who have won 33 Nobel Prizes. Notably, Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, was also the first woman to become a professor at the Sorbonne. Today, the university ranks among the top in the world in mathematics, earth sciences, and oceanography.

The Sorbonne building houses the Faculty of Arts and Humanities, and the extensive Sorbonne Library with 2.5 million books. The Sorbonne Chapel on the university campus was classified as a French historic monument in 1887, and the amphitheater and the entire building complex became monuments in 1975.

The Panth茅on of Paris, originally conceived as a church dedicated to Saint Genevieve, has evolved significantly since its inception. Constructed between 1758 and 1790, it was intended by King Louis XV to house the relics of Paris's patron saint. The structure stands on a historically rich site, previously home to Roman monuments, and underwent numerous transformations, most notably during the French Revolution when it was repurposed as a secular mausoleum.

The Panth茅on was designed to combine the lightness of Gothic cathedrals with the classical grandeur admired in Italian architecture. The architecture of the Panth茅on is a striking example of early Neoclassicism, dominated by a triple dome, each layer serving both aesthetic and structural purposes. The middle dome features a painted ceiling, while the outer stone-built dome, completed in 1790, was designed to rival the domes of major basilicas in Rome and London. Initially topped with a cross, the dome has seen various symbols over the years, reflective of France's turbulent history.

Inside, the Panth茅on hosts the Apotheosis of Saint Genevieve, surrounded by important figures from French royal history and Christianity. Its peristyle and fa莽ade mimic a Greek temple, adorned with Corinthian columns and a pediment that celebrates national gratitude towards illustrious figures, reinstated post-Revolution to honor France's great men and women.

The Panth茅on also served as the site for L茅on Foucault's famous demonstration of the Earth's rotation in 1851, using a pendulum suspended from the central dome鈥攁 copy of which remains on display today.

Throughout its history, the Panth茅on's role has shifted between religious and national significance. During its time as the revolutionary "Temple of the Nation", it housed the remains of prominent French figures such as Voltaire and Rousseau. Declared a mausoleum for "National Heroes" in the 19th century, other notables like Victor Hugo and Marie Curie found their final resting place here. More recent additions included French resistance heroes, recognizing their roles in World War II.

Today, the Panth茅on is a monument to France's past but also a symbol of its enduring values, reflecting the nation's historical journey and its commitment to honoring those who have shaped its cultural and political landscape.

The Saint-脡tienne-du-Mont church houses the revered shrine of Saint Genevi猫ve, the patron saint of the French capital. Additionally, it serves as the final resting place for notable historical figures such as French physicist and inventor, Blaise Pascal, and playwright Jean Racine. Deeply intertwined with Paris's religious and cultural history, this church also contains the cemetery where Jean-Paul Marat, a key figure during the French Revolution, is buried.

Considered the birthplace of Paris, the site was originally inhabited by the Parisii tribe in the Gallo-Roman era. By the 6th century, the area saw significant development under King Clovis of the Franks, who built a basilica that became the burial site for him, his wife Clotilde, and several Merovingian kings. The neighboring Abbey of Saint Genevieve was established in 502, eventually necessitating the construction of an autonomous church, Saint-脡tienne-du-Mont, in 1222. This church, exemplifying flamboyant Gothic and Renaissance styles, was completed in 1626 after several centuries of construction. It has a three-level structure, resembling a wedding cake, with a Gothic pinnacle and a tall bell tower. The entrance is reminiscent of a Greek temple with columns and decorations depicting Saint Stephen's martyrdom.

Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, Saint-脡tienne-du-Mont remained a prestigious site, enduring damage during the French Revolution but later restored under Napoleon III. The reconstructed church features a Renaissance-style west front, constructed in 1610 with a detailed sculptural program on its three levels, culminating in a triangular classical fronton showcasing a bas-relief of Christ鈥檚 Resurrection. A notable interior element is its rood screen 鈥� the ornate partition between the chancel and nave, a rare feature in Paris that combines Gothic artistry with the French Renaissance finely carved stone and spiral staircase. The railing displays stone lace carved in limestone.

The church's interior is remarkable for its vast dimensions, Flamboyant Gothic elements, and the abundance of light from its large windows. The nave is distinguished by its dual-level grand arcades leading to the high collateral aisles. The pulpit, crafted in 1651, features dynamic sculptures, including one of Samson.

Significant also is the Chapel of Communion, which once housed revolutionary figures' remains and protected valuable 17th-century stained glass windows during World War I. These windows remain a focal point, depicting biblical and historical scenes, accessible for intimate viewing at eye level.

Ernest Hemingway lived at No. 74 on Cardinal Lemoine Street with his wife Hadley during their first year in Paris in 1922. Back then, he worked as a foreign correspondent for the Toronto Daily Star. The two-room flat had neither hot water, nor toilet facilities, and the couple would sleep on a mattress on the floor. Hemingway described it in The Snows of Kilimanjaro: "From the apartment you could only see the wood and coal man's place. He sold wine too, bad wine. The golden horse's head outside the Boucherie Chevaline where the carcasses hung yellow gold and red in the open window, and the green painted co-operative where they bought their wine; good wine and cheap."

During his free time in Paris, Hemingway became friends with some of the city's most prominent writers and artists and forged quick friendships with them. Among these were James Joyce, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, Max Eastman, Sylvia Beach, Lincoln Steffens, and Wyndham Lewis. He was also befriended with the painters Joan Mir贸 and Pablo Picasso. These relationships were instrumental in Hemingway's development as a writer and artist, leaving an enduring legacy in literary history.

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You may also peer down the passageway at No. 71, where James Joyce finished "Ulysses" in apartment E.

Contrescarpe Square in Paris is a petite yet animated spot located at the convergence of three streets (Mouffetard, Lac茅p猫de, and Cardinal-Lemoine) and four administrative districts (Saint-Victor, Jardin-des-Plantes, Val-de-Gr芒ce, and Sorbonne), making it a pivotal area in the neighborhood.

Characterized by a circular shape, the square spans approximately 40 meters in diameter, featuring a central roundabout embellished with lush greenery, a charming fountain, and stone benches under elegant lamp posts. Its name is derived from its proximity to the former Contrescarpe-Saint-Marcel Street, hinting at its historical connection to the 'contrescarpe,' the outer slope of the defensive ditch that once bordered the Wall of Philip II Augustus.

The square's origins trace back to 1852 when it was established through the demolition of a block of houses, which now corresponds to the area adjacent to the Caf茅 Les Arts, located on the eastern side of the square. Over the years, Contrescarpe Square has evolved into a lively hub, especially popular among students and tourists, and is renowned for its bustling cafes and quaint architectural charm that resonate with the historic ambiance of Mouffetard Street.

The square holds a particular significance in literary history, being a favorite haunt of Ernest Hemingway during his time in Paris. He vividly described his experiences here in his novel "The Sun Also Rises."

Today, Contrescarpe Square remains a dynamic meeting point for cyclists and scooter riders, with its atmosphere enriched by the historical and cultural layers that define this quintessential Parisian quarter.